Summary
of Syntactic Structures for Writing/Speaking Output – 5th course,
2011-12
Something has happened
many times/for a long time so far this week/month/year/decade
but/yet,/,however,/and nevertheless,/because nobody has done
anything about it.
….....................................................................................................................................................
….............................................................................................Present
perfect simple in coordinate/subordinate sentence
Something
has been happening since... They have been going out with each other
since Christmas.
….............................................................................................................................
Present perfect continuous
Something had happened by
the time/when something else happened.
The robber had run away
by the time/when the police arrived.
Past perfect simple
….....................................................................................................................................................
By the time/when he
was twenty-seven, he had already been married twice. Past
perfect continuous
…......................................................................................................................................................
When we were young we
would cut class/ used to cut class and play
together in the arcade.
Used
to / would
….....................................................................................................................................................
In a few months'
time/Before long/This time next year/ By December we'll be
travelling around.
Future
continuous
….....................................................................................................................................................
The prisoners should be
allowed to make a phone call to their solicitors.
Modal passive
…......................................................................................................................................................
Negotiation are
believed/rumored/said/thought to be coming to a conclusion.
Passives in reporting news
….......................................................................................................................................................
Many
breakthroughs in the fight agains cancer have been made over
the past few years.
…...........................................................................................................................
Present perfect passive
The boy had
his locker broken into and his camera stolen.
Have/get something
done
…...........................................................................................................................................................
The unions
admitted/mentioned/protested/complained/realised/ explained/
suggested that...
…...............................................................................................................................................
V+ that
The unions
told/advised/warned/reminded/ persuaded employers that …
V+ Ojbect + that
…...............................................................................................................................................
What did you
expect/want to find when you opened the box?
He
agreed/wanted/promised/deserved/hoped/managed/refused/threatened
to win the race.
….......................................................................................................................................
V. + to infinitive
We should
ask/tell/advise/warn/permit/allow/persuade/teach/forbid/force them
to buy our products.
…...................................................................................................................................
V+ Object + to inf.
But customers
might detest/enjoy/fancy/admit/consider/suggest buying them.
V + ing form
…..........................................................................................................................................................
Government
officers apologized for/ insisted on/ spoke of/ boasted about/
congratulated on …
….........................................................................................................................................
V+ prep. + ing
Government
officers praised/blamed the banking system for causing the
crisis V + Object + prep + ing
…...........................................................................................................................................................
Not knowing
where he was, he stopped and checked the map.
Negative present participle
clause
…....................................................................................................................................................
On hearing
the news, they started to celebrate.
prep + Present
participle clause
…....................................................................................................................................................
The writer,
smiling to the audience, accepted the award.
present
participle clause
…....................................................................................................................................................
Practiced
regularly, speaking skills will improve for sure.
Past
participle clause
…...................................................................................................................................................
If I love you,
I'll suffer, but if I don't, I will anyway.
First
conditional
If/In
case/Providing/Provided/As long as I loved you, I'd suffer.
Second
conditional
If I had loved
you, I would have suffered – I wouln't have suffered unless
I had loved you. Third cond.
….........................................................................................................................................................
….........................................................................................................................................................
If your parents
hadn't met, you wouldn't be here.
Mixed
conditional
….........................................................................................................................................................
Had we done
something before, we wouldn't be lamenting
Inversion and mixed conditional
….........................................................................................................................................................
If only/I
wish we could go back in time until before the recession.
I
wish/If only
….........................................................................................................................................................
Driving in a
Mercedes is a great deal/a lot/far/much/a little/a bit/slightly
more confortable than riding a scooter.
Comparison
…........................................................................................................................................................
Strawberries
with cream, we never had enough of for deserts.
Fronting
…........................................................................................................................................................
It was
strawberries with cream (that) we never had enough of for deserts.
Cleft
sentence
…........................................................................................................................................................
What we
never had enough of for deserts was strawberries with cream.
Cleft sentence
…........................................................................................................................................................
Never/Never
before/Rarely/Hardly/Little/Scarcely had they prepared for the
audition and they already wanted a part in the movie.
Inversion
….......................................................................................................................................................
The boss
agreed/arranged/ asked/ begged/ conceded/ demanded/ determined/
ensured/ insisted/ recommended/ requested/required/ stipulated/
suggested that she (not) be at the meeting.
Sujunctive
aff. and neg.
….......................................................................................................................................................
It is best/
crucial/ desirable/ essential/ imperative/ important/ recommended/
urgen t/ vital/ a good idea/ a bad idea that she (not) be
admitted to/ participating in the organization.
Sujunctive
continuous and passive aff. and neg..
….......................................................................................................................................................
The class can
meet either on Friday or on Thursday.
Either
….......................................................................................................................................................
She neither
eat meat nor drinks coffee. Neither
….......................................................................................................................................................
Neither
I nor my family feel that an interview is appropriate at this
time. Neither
….......................................................................................................................................................
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